REVIEW: Tissue Engineering and Cell Technologies in the Treatment of Urethral Strictures

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Natalia V. Rassomakhina¹, Astemir R. Likhov¹, Daria R. Shisterova¹, Ulyana A. Apukhtina¹, Veronika N. Volodina¹, Igor O. Gritskov^1,2,4, Gevorg R. Kasyan^1,3, and Viktoriya V. Zherdeva^1,4,a*

¹Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia

²Russian University of Medicine, 127006 Moscow, Russia

³Botkin Moscow Multidisciplinary Scientific and Clinical Center, 125284 Moscow, Russia

⁴Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 125993 Moscow, Russia

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: September 3, 2025; Revised: October 14, 2025; Accepted: October 23, 2025

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In recent years, reconstructive surgery strategies have been supplemented with innovative approaches aimed at developing tissue-engineered structures using autologous tissues and biodegradable scaffolds and matrices, the purpose of which is to reduce the risk of postoperative complications, on the one hand, while ensuring accelerated restoration of the structure and functions of organs, on the other hand. The review systematizes modern scientific trends in the field of tissue engineering of the urethra, focused on creation of biocompatible and functionally active tissue-engineered structures using achievements of cellular technologies and materials science. Particular attention is paid to describing the mechanisms and ways of forming a complete and functional three-dimensional structure of the urethra, including the use of organoids. It is expected that this strategy will contribute to the development of personalized therapeutic approaches and improved clinical outcomes in the patients with urological diseases.

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KEY WORDS: reconstructive surgery, precision medicine, urethroplasty, tissue-engineered constructs, 3D scaffolds, extracellular matrix, cellular technologies, cellular components, cell differentiation, organoids

DOI: 10.1134/S0006297925604113

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